In modern typography, if technological limitations make the use of æ difficult (such as in use of typewriters, telegraphs, or ASCII), the digraph ae is often used instead. In English, use of the ligature varies between different places and contexts, but it is fairly rare. It is mentioned in the name of Serge Gainsbourg's song Elaeudanla Téïtéïa, a reading of the French spelling of the name Lætitia: 'L, E dans l'A, T, I, T, I, A.' English The name Ælfgyva, on the Bayeux Tapestry In the modern French alphabet, æ (called e-dans-l'a, 'e in the a') is used to spell Latin and Greek borrowings like curriculum vitæ, et cætera, ex æquo, tænia, and the first name Lætitia. However, the ligature is still relatively common in liturgical books and musical scores. That was further simplified into a plain e, which may have influenced or been influenced by the pronunciation change. In some medieval scripts, the ligature was simplified to ę, an e with ogonek, called the e caudata ( Latin for 'tailed e').

Both classical and present practice is to write the letters separately, but the ligature was used in medieval and early modern writings, in part because æ was reduced to the simple vowel during the Roman Empire. In Classical Latin, the combination AE denotes the diphthong, which had a value similar to the long i in f ine as pronounced in most dialects of Modern English. Æ on the Katholische Hofkirche in Dresden (at the beginning of 'ÆDEM') Languages Latin Vanuatu's domestic airline operated under the name Air Melanesiæ in the 1970s.

Īs a letter of the Old English Latin alphabet, it was called æsc, ' ash tree', after the Anglo-Saxon futhorc rune ᚫ which it transliterated its traditional name in English is still ash, or æsh ( Old English: æsċ) if the ligature is included. The modern International Phonetic Alphabet uses it to represent the near-open front unrounded vowel (the sound represented by the 'a' in English words like cat). It was also used in Old Swedish before being changed to ä. It has been promoted to the status of a letter in some languages, including Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic, and Faroese. Æ ( lowercase: æ) is a character formed from the letters a and e, originally a ligature representing the Latin diphthong ae. Æ in Helvetica and Bodoni Æ alone and in context For the distinction between, / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).

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